Virtual Excitable Cell Simulator

Setting Ion Channel Activity

▼

(Full Knockdown (0%), Partial Knockdown (~50%), Maximum Activity (100%))

Kir2.1 Channel (Inward Rectifier K⁺ Current)

100%

Nav1.5 Channel (Fast Na⁺ Influx)

100%

Kv1.5 Channel (Delayed Rectifier K⁺ Efflux)

100%

hERG Channel (Rapid K⁺ Efflux)

100%

Cav1.2 Channel (L-type Ca²⁺ Influx)

100%

NCX Channel (Na⁺/Ca²⁺ Exchanger)

100%

CFTR Channel (Cl⁻ Efflux)

100%

Cav1.1 Channel (L-type Ca²⁺ Influx)

100%

Cav1.3 Channel (L-type Ca²⁺ Influx)

100%

Cav1.4 Channel (L-type Ca²⁺ Influx)

100%

Cav2.1 Channel (P/Q-type Ca²⁺)

100%

Cav2.2 Channel (N-type Ca²⁺)

100%

Cav2.3 Channel (R-type Ca²⁺)

100%

Cav3.1 Channel (T-type Ca²⁺)

100%

Cav3.2 Channel (T-type Ca²⁺)

100%

Cav3.3 Channel (T-type Ca²⁺)

100%

Membrane Parameters

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Resting Membrane Potential (mV) (Set by K⁺ Conductance)

-85 mV

Spike AP Threshold (mV) (Fast Na⁺ Influx Activation)

-55 mV

Reset Potential (mV) (K⁺ Nernst-Equilibrium)

-90 mV

Membrane Resistance (MΩ·cm²) (Regulates Passive Ion Leak)

20 MΩ·cm²

Refractory Period (ms) (Na⁺ Recovery Time-Scale τ_h)

1.0x

Physiological Ion/Anion Kinetics Parameters

▼

Na⁺ Ion Concentration [Na⁺](mM)

5 mM

Na⁺ Ion Michaelis-Menten Constant (Km) (mM)

10.0

Na⁺ Ion Hill Cooperativity Coefficient (nNa⁺)

1.0

Ca²⁺ Ion Concentration [Ca²⁺](mM)

1.0 mM

Ca²⁺ Ion Michaelis-Menten Constant (Km) (mM)

10.0

Ca²⁺ Ion Hill Cooperativity Coefficient (nCa²⁺)

1.0

K⁺ Ion Concentration [K⁺](mM)

5 mM

K⁺ Ion Michaelis-Menten Constant (Km) (mM)

10.0

K⁺ Ion Hill Cooperativity Coefficient (nK⁺)

1.0

Cl⁻ Anion Concentration [Cl⁻](mM)

5 mM

Cl⁻ Anion Ion Michaelis-Menten Constant (Km) (mM)

10.0

Cl⁻ Anion Hill Cooperativity Coefficient (nCl⁻)

1.0

Setting Simulation Protocol

▼

Temperature (°C)

25 °C

7.4

Input Spike-Frequency (Hz) (Postsynaptic Potential Temporal-Summation)

0 Hz

Input Current Amplitude (μA/cm²) (Sets Initial Depolarization Strength)

20 μA/cm²

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential Amplitude (EPSP) (mV)

1.0 mV

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential Amplitude (IPSP) (mV)

0.0 mV

Total Simulation Time (ms)

200 ms

Time Step (dt) (ms)

0.05 ms

About the Simulation

This tool simulates the action potential of a virtual excitable cell by integrating sixteen key ion channels to model single-cell excitability. Each channel can be toggled to explore its electrophysiological role, both membrane and simulation parameters can be easily adjusted through an intuitive web-based interface.

Developed by Michael González-Durruthy, Ivan Belotelov, Giovanni Russo, Ilya Kovalenko

Virtual Excitable Cell Simulator

Setting Ion Channel Activity

Membrane Parameters

Physiological Ion/Anion Kinetics Parameters

Setting Simulation Protocol

About the Simulation

Excitable Cell Action Potentials

Ionic Basis of Membrane Excitability

Global Membrane Potential Behavior in Excitable Cells Across Phases

Global Ionic Current Behavior in Excitable Cells Across Phases